Saturday, July 7, 2007

Write your own printf() function in C.

This is again one of the most frequently asked interview questions. Here is a C program which implements a basic version of printf(). This is a really, really simplified version of printf(). Note carefully how floating point and other compilcated support has been left out. Also, note how we use low level puts() and putchar(). Dont make a fool of yourself by using printf() within the implementation of printf()!


#include
#include

main()
{
void myprintf(char *,...);
char * convert(unsigned int, int);
int i=65;
char str[]="This is my string";
myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
}

void myprintf(char * frmt,...)
{

char *p;
int i;
unsigned u;
char *s;
va_list argp;


va_start(argp, fmt);

p=fmt;
for(p=fmt; *p!='\0';p++)
{
if(*p=='%')
{
putchar(*p);continue;
}

p++;

switch(*p)
{
case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
if(i<0){i=-i;putchar('-');}puts(convert(i,10));break;
case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *); puts(s); break;
case 'u': u=va_arg(argp,argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
case 'x': u=va_arg(argp,argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
case '%': putchar('%');break;
}
}

va_end(argp);
}

char *convert(unsigned int, int)
{
static char buf[33];
char *ptr;

ptr=&buf[sizeof(buff)-1];
*ptr='\0';
do
{
*--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
num/=base;
}while(num!=0);
return(ptr);
}

110 comments:

Anonymous said...

This code is not working . showing 17 errors and 2 warnings. and u haven't added the header files.

lakki said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
lakki said...

I modified the prg.....I tested it..its working.....i think it may help u....

NOTE:include the files stdio.h,stdarg.h




char *convert(unsigned int, int);

main()
{
void myprintf(char *,...);
char * convert(unsigned int, int);
int i=65;
char str[]="This is my string";
myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
}

void myprintf(char * frmt,...)
{
char *p;
int i;
unsigned u;
char *s;
va_list argp;
va_start(argp, frmt);
p=frmt;
for(p=frmt; *p!='\0';p++)
{
if(*p!='%')
{
putchar(*p);continue;
}
p++;
switch(*p)
{
case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
if(i<0){i=-i;putchar('-');}puts(convert(i,10));break;
case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *); puts(s); break;
case 'u': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
case 'x': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
case '%': putchar('%');break;
}
}
va_end(argp);
}
char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
{
static char buff[33];
char *ptr;
ptr=&buff[sizeof(buff)-1];
*ptr='\0';
do
{
*--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
num/=base;
}while(num!=0);
return(ptr);
}

Rekha said...

Thanks, i will check :)

Rekha said...

yes working :) thank u very much

Willam Terek said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Anonymous said...

Chepu hai sala

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Anonymous said...

you don't even include anything... but thanks

Anonymous said...

you don't even include anything... but thanks

Anonymous said...

*--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];

what does this mean?

kaushikfrnd said...

I had used no offensive comment agar mera comment rehta toh yaha koi is post ki wah wahi nahi karta ... dude you didnt had guts to face my comment so deleted cheap dude :D ...

Anonymous said...

#include

int myprintf( const char * format, ... )
{
int rtn = 0;

va_list args;

va_start( args, format );

rtn = vprintf( format, args );

va_end( args );

return rtn;
}

main(void)
{
myprintf("Vaibhav %d %d", 10, 15);
getchar();
return(0);
}

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Unknown said...



#include
#include

void Myprintf(char *,...); //Our printf function
char* convert(unsigned int, int); //Convert integer number into octal, hex, etc.


int main()
{
Myprintf(" WWW.FIRMCODES.COM \n %d", 9);

return 0;
}


void Myprintf(char* format,...)
{
char *traverse;
unsigned int i;
char *s;

//Module 1: Initializing Myprintf's arguments
va_list arg;
va_start(arg, format);

for(traverse = format; *traverse != '\0'; traverse++)
{
while( *traverse != '%' )
{
putchar(*traverse);
traverse++;
}

traverse++;

//Module 2: Fetching and executing arguments
switch(*traverse)
{
case 'c' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch char argument
putchar(i);
break;

case 'd' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch Decimal/Integer argument
if(i<0)
{
i = -i;
putchar('-');
}
puts(convert(i,10));
break;

case 'o': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Octal representation
puts(convert(i,8));
break;

case 's': s = va_arg(arg,char *); //Fetch string
puts(s);
break;

case 'x': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Hexadecimal representation
puts(convert(i,16));
break;
}
}

//Module 3: Closing argument list to necessary clean-up
va_end(arg);
}

char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
{
static char Representation[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
static char buffer[50];
char *ptr;

ptr = &buffer[49];
*ptr = '\0';

do
{
*--ptr = Representation[num%base];
num /= base;
}while(num != 0);

return(ptr);
}

i got it from http://www.firmcodes.com/write-printf-function-c/

Unknown said...



#include
#include

void Myprintf(char *,...); //Our printf function
char* convert(unsigned int, int); //Convert integer number into octal, hex, etc.


int main()
{
Myprintf(" WWW.FIRMCODES.COM \n %d", 9);

return 0;
}


void Myprintf(char* format,...)
{
char *traverse;
unsigned int i;
char *s;

//Module 1: Initializing Myprintf's arguments
va_list arg;
va_start(arg, format);

for(traverse = format; *traverse != '\0'; traverse++)
{
while( *traverse != '%' )
{
putchar(*traverse);
traverse++;
}

traverse++;

//Module 2: Fetching and executing arguments
switch(*traverse)
{
case 'c' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch char argument
putchar(i);
break;

case 'd' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch Decimal/Integer argument
if(i<0)
{
i = -i;
putchar('-');
}
puts(convert(i,10));
break;

case 'o': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Octal representation
puts(convert(i,8));
break;

case 's': s = va_arg(arg,char *); //Fetch string
puts(s);
break;

case 'x': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Hexadecimal representation
puts(convert(i,16));
break;
}
}

//Module 3: Closing argument list to necessary clean-up
va_end(arg);
}

char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
{
static char Representation[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
static char buffer[50];
char *ptr;

ptr = &buffer[49];
*ptr = '\0';

do
{
*--ptr = Representation[num%base];
num /= base;
}while(num != 0);

return(ptr);
}

i got it from http://www.firmcodes.com/write-printf-function-c/

Unknown said...

I wrote this program with little modification which will take const char * as argument and return the no of bytes it will print which will match exact syntax of printf()
int myprintf(const char * frmt,...);

#include
#include

char *convert(unsigned int, int);

main()
{
int myprintf(const char *,...);
char * convert(unsigned int, int);
int i=65,returnvalue;
char str[]="not printed with printf :D";
returnvalue = myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
myprintf("return=%d\n",returnvalue);
}

int myprintf(const char * frmt,...)
{
const char *p;
int i;
unsigned u;
char *s;
va_list argp;
static count=0;
va_start(argp, frmt);
p=frmt;
for(p=frmt; *p!='\0';p++)
{
if(*p!='%')
{
count ++;
putchar(*p);
continue;

}
count++;
p++;
switch(*p)
{
case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
if(i<0){
i=-i;
putchar('-');
}
puts(convert(i,10));
break;
case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *);
count+=puts(s);
break;
case 'u': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
case 'x': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
case '%': putchar('%');break;
}
}
va_end(argp);
return count;
}
char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
{
static char buff[33];
char *ptr;
ptr=&buff[sizeof(buff)-1];
*ptr='\0';
do
{
*--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
num/=base;
}while(num!=0);
return(ptr);
}

output:

Message = not printed with printf :D
65
41
return=41

Balo Baba said...

Awesome, it was asked in my interview :-D

Unknown said...

#include
#include
Voor main(){
Print("Hello c language");

Fetch();
}

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