Sunday, May 20, 2007

Generic Link List



 










Write a C program to implement a Generic Linked List.













Here is a C program which implements a generic linked list. This is also one of the very popular interview questions thrown around. The crux of the solution is to use the void C pointer to make it generic. Also notice how we use function pointers to pass the address of different functions to print the different generic data.





#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>



typedef struct list {

    void *data;

    struct list *next;

} List;



struct check {

    int i;

    char c;

    double d;

} chk[] = { { 1, 'a', 1.1 },

          { 2, 'b', 2.2 },

          { 3, 'c', 3.3 } };



void insert(List **, void *, unsigned int);

void print(List *, void (*)(void *));

void printstr(void *);

void printint(void *);

void printchar(void *);

void printcomp(void *);



List *list1, *list2, *list3, *list4;



int main(void)

{

    char c[]    = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' };

    int i[]     = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

    char *str[] = { "hello1", "hello2", "hello3", "hello4" };



    list1 = list2 = list3 = list4 = NULL;



    insert(&list1, &c[0], sizeof(char));

    insert(&list1, &c[1], sizeof(char));

    insert(&list1, &c[2], sizeof(char));

    insert(&list1, &c[3], sizeof(char));



    insert(&list2, &i[0], sizeof(int));

    insert(&list2, &i[1], sizeof(int));

    insert(&list2, &i[2], sizeof(int));

    insert(&list2, &i[3], sizeof(int));



    insert(&list3, str[0], strlen(str[0])+1);

    insert(&list3, str[1], strlen(str[0])+1);

    insert(&list3, str[2], strlen(str[0])+1);

    insert(&list3, str[3], strlen(str[0])+1);



    insert(&list4, &chk[0], sizeof chk[0]);

    insert(&list4, &chk[1], sizeof chk[1]);

    insert(&list4, &chk[2], sizeof chk[2]);



    printf("Printing characters:");

    print(list1, printchar);

    printf(" : done\n\n");



    printf("Printing integers:");

    print(list2, printint);

    printf(" : done\n\n");



    printf("Printing strings:");

    print(list3, printstr);

    printf(" : done\n\n");



    printf("Printing composite:");

    print(list4, printcomp);

    printf(" : done\n");



    return 0;

}



void insert(List **p, void *data, unsigned int n)

{

    List *temp;

    int i;



    /* Error check is ignored */

    temp = malloc(sizeof(List));

    temp->data = malloc(n);

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

        *(char *)(temp->data + i) = *(char *)(data + i);

    temp->next = *p;

    *p = temp;

}



void print(List *p, void (*f)(void *))

{

    while (p) 

    {

        (*f)(p->data);

        p = p->next;

    }

}



void printstr(void *str)

{

    printf(" \"%s\"", (char *)str);

}



void printint(void *n)

{

    printf(" %d", *(int *)n);

}



void printchar(void *c)

{

    printf(" %c", *(char *)c);

}



void printcomp(void *comp)

{

    struct check temp = *(struct check *)comp;

    printf(" '%d:%c:%f", temp.i, temp.c, temp.d);

}










8 comments:

Thirumalai said...

Hi, I see this is very useful for me,
Here i receive one compile error in the below line

*(char *)(temp->data + i) = *(char *)(data + i);

error is:
"error C2036: 'void *' : unknown size"

I have corrected this by placing typecast near to temp->data as below:

*((char *)temp->data + i) = *((char *)data + i);

Pls confirm whether I overlook any.

Thanks.
Thirumalai

Anonymous said...

minor: string insertion takes the size as str[0] for all of the strings.

Anonymous said...

hello vijay!u r copying every thing frm internet dnt do this k..nothing is correct in ur blog..dnt make copy and paste..k.be care

Anonymous said...

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Sowmya said...

i think even templates can be used to create a generic link list:):)

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