Saturday, July 7, 2007

Write your own printf() function in C.

This is again one of the most frequently asked interview questions. Here is a C program which implements a basic version of printf(). This is a really, really simplified version of printf(). Note carefully how floating point and other compilcated support has been left out. Also, note how we use low level puts() and putchar(). Dont make a fool of yourself by using printf() within the implementation of printf()!


#include
#include

main()
{
void myprintf(char *,...);
char * convert(unsigned int, int);
int i=65;
char str[]="This is my string";
myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
}

void myprintf(char * frmt,...)
{

char *p;
int i;
unsigned u;
char *s;
va_list argp;


va_start(argp, fmt);

p=fmt;
for(p=fmt; *p!='\0';p++)
{
if(*p=='%')
{
putchar(*p);continue;
}

p++;

switch(*p)
{
case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
if(i<0){i=-i;putchar('-');}puts(convert(i,10));break;
case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *); puts(s); break;
case 'u': u=va_arg(argp,argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
case 'x': u=va_arg(argp,argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
case '%': putchar('%');break;
}
}

va_end(argp);
}

char *convert(unsigned int, int)
{
static char buf[33];
char *ptr;

ptr=&buf[sizeof(buff)-1];
*ptr='\0';
do
{
*--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
num/=base;
}while(num!=0);
return(ptr);
}

109 comments:

  1. This code is not working . showing 17 errors and 2 warnings. and u haven't added the header files.

    ReplyDelete
  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I modified the prg.....I tested it..its working.....i think it may help u....

    NOTE:include the files stdio.h,stdarg.h




    char *convert(unsigned int, int);

    main()
    {
    void myprintf(char *,...);
    char * convert(unsigned int, int);
    int i=65;
    char str[]="This is my string";
    myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
    }

    void myprintf(char * frmt,...)
    {
    char *p;
    int i;
    unsigned u;
    char *s;
    va_list argp;
    va_start(argp, frmt);
    p=frmt;
    for(p=frmt; *p!='\0';p++)
    {
    if(*p!='%')
    {
    putchar(*p);continue;
    }
    p++;
    switch(*p)
    {
    case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
    case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
    if(i<0){i=-i;putchar('-');}puts(convert(i,10));break;
    case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
    case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *); puts(s); break;
    case 'u': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
    case 'x': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
    case '%': putchar('%');break;
    }
    }
    va_end(argp);
    }
    char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
    {
    static char buff[33];
    char *ptr;
    ptr=&buff[sizeof(buff)-1];
    *ptr='\0';
    do
    {
    *--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
    num/=base;
    }while(num!=0);
    return(ptr);
    }

    ReplyDelete
  4. Thanks, i will check :)

    ReplyDelete
  5. yes working :) thank u very much

    ReplyDelete
  6. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
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  8. you don't even include anything... but thanks

    ReplyDelete
  9. you don't even include anything... but thanks

    ReplyDelete
  10. *--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];

    what does this mean?

    ReplyDelete
  11. I had used no offensive comment agar mera comment rehta toh yaha koi is post ki wah wahi nahi karta ... dude you didnt had guts to face my comment so deleted cheap dude :D ...

    ReplyDelete
  12. #include

    int myprintf( const char * format, ... )
    {
    int rtn = 0;

    va_list args;

    va_start( args, format );

    rtn = vprintf( format, args );

    va_end( args );

    return rtn;
    }

    main(void)
    {
    myprintf("Vaibhav %d %d", 10, 15);
    getchar();
    return(0);
    }

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  90. #include
    #include

    void Myprintf(char *,...); //Our printf function
    char* convert(unsigned int, int); //Convert integer number into octal, hex, etc.


    int main()
    {
    Myprintf(" WWW.FIRMCODES.COM \n %d", 9);

    return 0;
    }


    void Myprintf(char* format,...)
    {
    char *traverse;
    unsigned int i;
    char *s;

    //Module 1: Initializing Myprintf's arguments
    va_list arg;
    va_start(arg, format);

    for(traverse = format; *traverse != '\0'; traverse++)
    {
    while( *traverse != '%' )
    {
    putchar(*traverse);
    traverse++;
    }

    traverse++;

    //Module 2: Fetching and executing arguments
    switch(*traverse)
    {
    case 'c' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch char argument
    putchar(i);
    break;

    case 'd' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch Decimal/Integer argument
    if(i<0)
    {
    i = -i;
    putchar('-');
    }
    puts(convert(i,10));
    break;

    case 'o': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Octal representation
    puts(convert(i,8));
    break;

    case 's': s = va_arg(arg,char *); //Fetch string
    puts(s);
    break;

    case 'x': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Hexadecimal representation
    puts(convert(i,16));
    break;
    }
    }

    //Module 3: Closing argument list to necessary clean-up
    va_end(arg);
    }

    char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
    {
    static char Representation[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
    static char buffer[50];
    char *ptr;

    ptr = &buffer[49];
    *ptr = '\0';

    do
    {
    *--ptr = Representation[num%base];
    num /= base;
    }while(num != 0);

    return(ptr);
    }

    i got it from http://www.firmcodes.com/write-printf-function-c/

    ReplyDelete


  91. #include
    #include

    void Myprintf(char *,...); //Our printf function
    char* convert(unsigned int, int); //Convert integer number into octal, hex, etc.


    int main()
    {
    Myprintf(" WWW.FIRMCODES.COM \n %d", 9);

    return 0;
    }


    void Myprintf(char* format,...)
    {
    char *traverse;
    unsigned int i;
    char *s;

    //Module 1: Initializing Myprintf's arguments
    va_list arg;
    va_start(arg, format);

    for(traverse = format; *traverse != '\0'; traverse++)
    {
    while( *traverse != '%' )
    {
    putchar(*traverse);
    traverse++;
    }

    traverse++;

    //Module 2: Fetching and executing arguments
    switch(*traverse)
    {
    case 'c' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch char argument
    putchar(i);
    break;

    case 'd' : i = va_arg(arg,int); //Fetch Decimal/Integer argument
    if(i<0)
    {
    i = -i;
    putchar('-');
    }
    puts(convert(i,10));
    break;

    case 'o': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Octal representation
    puts(convert(i,8));
    break;

    case 's': s = va_arg(arg,char *); //Fetch string
    puts(s);
    break;

    case 'x': i = va_arg(arg,unsigned int); //Fetch Hexadecimal representation
    puts(convert(i,16));
    break;
    }
    }

    //Module 3: Closing argument list to necessary clean-up
    va_end(arg);
    }

    char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
    {
    static char Representation[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
    static char buffer[50];
    char *ptr;

    ptr = &buffer[49];
    *ptr = '\0';

    do
    {
    *--ptr = Representation[num%base];
    num /= base;
    }while(num != 0);

    return(ptr);
    }

    i got it from http://www.firmcodes.com/write-printf-function-c/

    ReplyDelete
  92. I wrote this program with little modification which will take const char * as argument and return the no of bytes it will print which will match exact syntax of printf()
    int myprintf(const char * frmt,...);

    #include
    #include

    char *convert(unsigned int, int);

    main()
    {
    int myprintf(const char *,...);
    char * convert(unsigned int, int);
    int i=65,returnvalue;
    char str[]="not printed with printf :D";
    returnvalue = myprintf("\nMessage = %s%d%x",str,i,i);
    myprintf("return=%d\n",returnvalue);
    }

    int myprintf(const char * frmt,...)
    {
    const char *p;
    int i;
    unsigned u;
    char *s;
    va_list argp;
    static count=0;
    va_start(argp, frmt);
    p=frmt;
    for(p=frmt; *p!='\0';p++)
    {
    if(*p!='%')
    {
    count ++;
    putchar(*p);
    continue;

    }
    count++;
    p++;
    switch(*p)
    {
    case 'c' : i=va_arg(argp,int);putchar(i);break;
    case 'd' : i=va_arg(argp,int);
    if(i<0){
    i=-i;
    putchar('-');
    }
    puts(convert(i,10));
    break;
    case 'o': i=va_arg(argp,unsigned int); puts(convert(i,8));break;
    case 's': s=va_arg(argp,char *);
    count+=puts(s);
    break;
    case 'u': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,10));break;
    case 'x': u=va_arg(argp, unsigned int); puts(convert(u,16));break;
    case '%': putchar('%');break;
    }
    }
    va_end(argp);
    return count;
    }
    char *convert(unsigned int num, int base)
    {
    static char buff[33];
    char *ptr;
    ptr=&buff[sizeof(buff)-1];
    *ptr='\0';
    do
    {
    *--ptr="0123456789abcdef"[num%base];
    num/=base;
    }while(num!=0);
    return(ptr);
    }

    output:

    Message = not printed with printf :D
    65
    41
    return=41

    ReplyDelete
  93. Awesome, it was asked in my interview :-D

    ReplyDelete
  94. #include
    #include
    Voor main(){
    Print("Hello c language");

    Fetch();
    }

    ReplyDelete
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